| Water soluble tomato concentrate regulates platelet function via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway |
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Dahye Jeong1, Muhammad Irfan1, Evelyn Saba1, Sung-Dae Kim2, Seung-Hyung Kim3, Man Hee Rhee1 |
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University
2Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
3Institute of Traditional Medicine & Bioscience, Daejeon University |
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| Abstract |
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Tomato extract has been shown to exert antiplatelet activity in vitro and to change platelet function ex vivo, but with limitations. In this study, antiplatelet activity of water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow I) and dry water soluble tomato concentrate (Fruitflow II) was investigated using rat platelets. Aggregation was induced by collagen and adenosine diphosphate and granule-secretion, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, thromboxane B2, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were examined. The activation of integrin ${alpha}_{IIb}{eta}_3$ and phosphorylation of signaling molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/Akt, were investigated by flow cytometry and immunoblotting, respectively. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were examined. Moreover, in vivo thrombus weight was tested by an arteriovenous shunt model. Fruitflow I and Fruitflow II significantly inhibited agonist induced platelet aggregation, adenosine triphosphate and serotonin release, $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and thromboxane B2 concentration, while having no effect on cAMP and cGMP levels. Integrin ${alpha}_{IIb}{eta}_3$ activation was also significantly decreased. Moreover, both concentrates reduced phosphorylation of MAPK pathway factors such as ERK, JNK, P38, and PI3K/Akt. In vivo thrombus formation was also inhibited. Taken together, these concentrates have the potential for ethnomedicinal applications to prevent cardiovascular ailments and can be used as functional foods. |
| Key Words:
blood platelet, cardiovascular disease, natural cardioprotective agent, thrombosis, tomato |
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