Clinico-pathological studies on the experimental cadmium pisoning in dogs

Lee, Sang-gwan; Lee, Hyun-beom

Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 1996;36(2):471-482.

Sang-gwan Lee, Hyun-beom Lee

College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University

실험적 카드뮴 중독견의 임상병리학적 관찰

이상관, 이현범

경북대학교 수의과대학

Abstract

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{sim}201.8{mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{sim}49.5{mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{sim}53.1{mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{sim}35.2{mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{sim}35.4{mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{sim}30.1{mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{sim}7.1{mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{sim}5.1{mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{sim}3.6{mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

Key Words: cadmium poisoning, anemia