Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 1986;26(1):175-185.
 Angled Tube Method for Determining Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate of Cattle Bang-whan Lee1, Jong-uk Shin2 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Chonnam National University2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Gyeongsang National University 경사관법(傾斜管法)에 의한 우혈액(牛血液)의 적혈구침강율(赤血球沈降率) 측정(測定) 이방환1, 신종욱2 1전남대학교 농과대학 수의학과2경상대학교 농과대학 수의학과 Abstract The measurement of angled erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as a replacement for perpendicular ESR, for cattle blood was scrutinized since it has been well known that perpendicular ESR in cattle is too slow to be adopted as an effective clinical test. Samples of blood were taken from 186 Korean native cattle over 2 years old. The results obtained in the experiment were summarized as follows. 1. Average values of perpendicular ESR/24hrs in 15 apparently healthy cattle, as measured by Wintrobe, Westergren and capillary tubes, were $5.8{pm}2.2$, $11.1{pm}3.7$ and $10.4{pm}4.5%$ respectively, which were found to be similar to the values of perpendicular ESR/hr of normal blood of human. 2. The ESR was determined in the tubes held at 90, 75, 60, 45, 30 and 15-degree angles, using 3 types of tubes. For the diagnostic purposes, the best results were obtained from the tubes held at 45-degree angle. 3. The angled ESR values increased as the diameters of the tube-bores decreased. 4. The tube length did not affect the angled ESR(%). 5. The angled ESR values increased with the increased environmental temperature during the ESR measurement. 6. The storage temperature at $5^{circ}C$, $20^{circ}C$ and $35^{circ}C$, of the blood for 24 hours did not affect the angled ESR. 7. Samples of blood were treated with 4 kinds of anticoagulants (heparin, $K_2$-EDTA, double oxalate and sodium citrate) and the ESR was determined at 45-degree angle, using capillary hematocrit tubes. The ESR values were higher in the blood samples treated with sodium citrate than in those treated with other anticoagulants. 8. By using the autologous plasma, the PCV was adjusted to be 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml/100ml and the ESR was determined in the capillary hematocrit and Wintrobe tubes held at 45 degrees. In both of the methods the ESRs increased as the values of PCV decreased. The regressions of ESR to PCV in both 45-degree-angled capillary and Wintrobe tubes were curvilinear. For the capillary hematocrit tubes the second degree polynomial $Y=61.9779-2.3533x+0.0228x^2$ (r=0.9999) fits the data. And in the case of Wintrobe tubes the second degree polynomial $Y=27.9767-1.1314x-0.0117x^2$ (r=0.9998) fits the data. 9. The 45-degree angled ESR was determined in the blood of 71 healthy Korean native cows using capillary hematocrit tubes. The average PCV was $35.4{pm}3.6ml/100ml$. The observed ESR/hr averaged $7.2{pm}2.7%$, while the corrected ESR/hr to a PCV of 36ml/100ml averaged $6.6{pm}1.3%$. From these results it was concluded that to obtain the best results the ESR/hr of Korean native cattle should be determined at 45-degree angle at room temperature($20^{circ}C$) using capillary hematocrit tubes.
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